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CALCULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FOR THE FOREST
ADOPTION PLOT OF PT BIO FARMA (PERSERO) IN TAMAN BURU
MASIGIT KAREUMBI, WEST JAVA
Yusuf Nugraha Andrian
1*
, Ratna Wingit
2
, Nida Aulia Ulhaq
3
Department of Environmental Social Responsibility, PT Bio Farma (Persero), Bandung, Indonesia
1,2
West Java Conservation Trust Fund, Yayasan Wanadri, Bandung, Indonesia
3
1
ABSTRACT
Climate change or global warming has always been a hot topic of discussion and a global issue.
Forests, as one of the largest carbon sinks, play a crucial role in addressing the problem of
global warming. Forests have direct benefits that can be felt by humans, as well as indirect
benefits that are not directly experienced by humans. One of the indirect benefits felt by humans
is the absorption of CO
2
and the production of O
2
. Taman Buru Masigit Kareumbi (TBMK) is
a conservation area that plays an important role in the absorption of CO
2
and the production of
O
2
. Taman Buru Masigit Kareumbi does not have a buffer zone, which creates significant
pressure on the area, especially social pressure. The significant pressure on the area has led to
the emergence of the Forest Adoption program there. This program is aimed at the care and
protection of forest areas through an adoption scheme. PT Bio Farma (Persero) actively
participates in this program. The Forest Adoption plot of PT Bio Farma (Persero) has a carbon
reserve of 134,095 tons, a CO
2
absorption value of 418,464 tons/hectare/year, and an O
2
production value of 358,033 tons/hectare/year. When evaluated, the Forest Adoption plot of
PT Bio Farma (Persero) has a carbon absorption value of Rp. 28,318,422 (twenty-eight million
three hundred eighteen thousand four hundred twenty-two Indonesian rupiah).
Keywords; Economic Value; Carbon Sink; Eviron Service; Forest Adoption; TMBK
INTRODUCTION
Climate change or global warming is a topic that is always hotly discussed and becomes a
world problem. Global warming can occur due to high levels of Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
emissions. Carbon Dioxide Gas (CO
2
) is one of the major influences in climate change in the
world (Rinjani et al., 2016). Forests have an important role in the absorption of CO
2
gas during
the process of photosynthesis. Some efforts to reduce greenhouse gases are by reducing emissions
from the source and increasing absorption ability (Adinugroho, 2010). One of the largest carbon
sinks is in forest areas.
Forests provide very meaningful benefits, such as direct benefits (tangible) and indirect
benefits (intangible). All the benefits of the forest can be felt by humans if the forest is in optimal
condition and maintained (Zainuddin & Tahnur, 2018). Some of the direct benefits of forests that
can be felt by humans are natural medicines and wood. While the indirect benefits felt are
hydrological functions and carbon sequestration. Maintaining, caring for, and increasing forest
areas is very meaningful to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
A conservation area is a forest area that has certain characteristics with the main function
of preserving the diversity of plants and animals and their ecosystems. Buru Park is one of the
conservation areas that has the main function as a place for regular hunting (hunting tourism)
(Andrian, 2020). Taman Buru Masigit Kareumbi is the only hunting park on the island of Java-
Bali. TBMK is also the largest catchment area in the eastern area of Bandung.
The Forest Adoption Program is one of the programs launched by Wanadri (West Java
Conservation Trust Fund) in Taman Buru Masigit Kareumbi. The Forest Adoption Program is a
program to adopt a forest area with tree stands that have grown in a unified area of square meters
for one year. This program is based on a lot of pressure on the area and minimal regional security
costs. Human pressure on forests leads to deforestation and degradation of existing forests. A
decrease in the number and quality of forests can lead to a reduction in carbon stocks, the release
Calculation of Environmental Services For The Forest Adoption Plot of PT Bio Farma (Persero) In
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of carbon emissions into the atmosphere, and a reduction in carbon sequestration by forests
(Manuri et al., 2011).
Economic assessment of natural resources and the environment is considered necessary to
give an idea to the general public how valuable these natural resources are.
RESEARCH METHOD
Data Retrival
The study was conducted in Taman Buru Masigit Kareumbi (TBMK), precisely in the forest
adoption plot of PT Bio Farma (Persero) covering an area of 1 hectare (Figure 1) using the census
method. The data taken includes DBH and the height of all woody plants in the plot.
Figure 1 Map of PT Bio Farma Persero's Forest Adoption Area in 2022
Tree Species Identification
Trees found will be recorded on tally sheets, identified and searched for specific gravity using
secondary data. If the specific gravity of a particular tree cannot be found in the secondary data,
the specific gravity of its closest relative (genus or family) will be used.
Tree Circumference Measurement
The circumference of the tree is calculated using a tape measure with a height at breast height
(DBH). DBH measurements are commonly used to compare dimensions and calculations of
carbon storage in trees. DBH measurement methods vary from tree to tree with the principles as
shown in Figure 2
Figure 2 DBH Measurement Method
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Tree Height Measurement
The measurement of the height of the tree is carried out with a measuring stick as shown in Figure
3.
Figure 3 Tree Height Measurement Using a Measuring Stick
Measuring tree height using a measuring stick using the triangular principle with the following
calculations:
𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑒$𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 =
!"
#"
× 𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘$𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
Tree Volume Calculation
The calculation of the volume of the tree uses the following formula:
𝑉 =
1
4
𝜋 × 𝐷𝐵𝐻
$
× 𝐻 × 𝑓
Description: V = tree volume (m
3
)
𝜋 = 3,14
DBH = diameter of the tree at chest height
H = total tree height (m)
f = form factor (0.6)
Calculation of Biomass above Ground Level
The calculation of biomass above ground level uses the formula of SNI Agency number 7724
(2011) as follows: (Badan Standar Nasional Indonesia, 2011)
𝐵
%&
= 𝑉 × 𝐵𝐽 × 𝐵𝐸𝐹
Description: B
ap
= aboveground biomass (Kg)
V = tree volume (m
3
)
BJ = specific gravity of wood (Kg/m
3
)
BEF = Biomass Expansion Factor
Subsurface Biomass Calculation
The calculation of biomass above ground level uses the formula of SNI Agency number 7724
(2011) as follows: (Badan Standar Nasional Indonesia, 2011)
𝐵
'&
= 𝑁𝐴𝑃 × 𝐵𝑎𝑝
Description: B
bp
= subsurface biomass (Kg)
NAP = root shoots ratio value
Bap = aboveground biomass (Kg)
Calculation of Carbon Stocks above and below the Ground Surface
The calculation of carbon stocks above and below the ground surface uses references from the
SNI 7724-2011 Agency with the following formula: (Badan Standar Nasional Indonesia, 2011)
𝐶
%&
= 𝐵
%&
× %𝐶$𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑘
𝐶
'&
= 𝐵
'&
× %𝐶$𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑘
Description: C
ap
= carbon content of aboveground biomass (Kg)
C
bp
= carbon content of subsurface biomass (Kg)
Bap = aboveground biomass (Kg)
Bbp = subsurface biomass (Kg)
%C organic = percentage value of carbon content, equal to 0.47
pohon
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Calculation of the Total Amount of Carbon Stocks
The calculation of total carbon stocks uses the following formula:
𝐶
(
= 𝐶
%&
+ 𝐶
'&
Description: C
t
= total carbon (Kg)
Cap = carbon content of aboveground biomass (Kg)
C
bp
= carbon content of subsurface biomass (Kg)
Carbon Dioxide (CO
2
) Uptake
CO
2
absorption in plants is the ability of plants to absorb CO
2
through stomatal pores that are
generally on the surface of leaves in the process of photosynthesis (Salisbury & Ross, 1995). The
calculation of the CO
2
absorption formula refers to the following formula : (Baharuddin et al.,
2014)
𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛$𝐶𝑂
$
= 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎$ × 1,4667
Oxygen Production (O
2
)
In the process of photosynthesis, plants will absorb CO
2
and produce O
2
. The calculation of the
amount of Oxygen (O
2
) produced refers to the following formula (Daud et al., 2015):
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑠𝑖$𝑂
$
= 𝐶 × 2,67
Description: C = net carbon stock (Kg/year)
The Value of Environmental Services from Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
The value of the analysis of environmental services from carbon dioxide absorption uses the
following formula: (Purnawan, 2016)
𝑁𝐽𝐿 = 𝐻𝐽𝐶 × 𝐶
Description: NJL = value of environmental services (Rp/hectare)
HJC = carbon selling price (Rp/ton, Rp67,672.33/ton)
C = carbon sequestration (ton/hectare)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
PT Bio Farma (Persero) Forest Adoption Plot has an area of 1 hectare, there are 733 woody
plants (stakes, poles, trees) including 118 trees (diameter above 20 cm) consisting of 5 species,
namely, Rasamala (Altingia excelsa), Saninten (Castanopsis argentea), Puspa (Schima wallichii),
Ki Hujan (Albizia saman), and Banyan (Ficus benjamina). In the Forest Adoption plot PT Bio
Farma (Persero) was dominated by Rasamala (Altingia excelsa), this was because TBMK had
become a forest area managed by the Forestry and Forestry Service in 1953-1998 (Andrian, 2020).
Carbon stocks in PT Bio Farma's Forest Adoption plots amount to 134,095 tons/ha.
According to Pollo et al. (Pollo et al., 2012), post-mining reclamation forests that are 5-15 years
old can have carbon stocks of 247 tons / ha. Even according to Siraj (Siraj, 2019), carbon stocks
in tropical forests can reach 506.7 tons / ha. The amount of biomass has a great influence on the
size of carbon stocks. The growth rate of trees (biomass) is directly proportional to the level of
carbon stocks, so the higher the biomass, the higher the carbon stocks (Imiliyana et al., 2012).
The amount of CO
2
absorption in the Forest Adoption plot of PT Bio Farma (Persero)
amounted to 418,464 tons / hectare / year. According to Kiat et.al, (Kiat et al., 2020), tropical
forests can absorb CO
2
of 143.11 tons / ha / year. Meanwhile, in Abdul Latief Forest Park, CO
2
absorption is 281.75 tons/ha/year (Sribianti et al., 2022). The high CO
2
absorption value in TBMK
can be caused by the large diameter and high density of the tree. Adinugroho et al. (Adinugroho
et al., 2012) states that the larger the diameter of the tree of a stand and contains types that have
a high density, the potential biomass and carbon content in the stand will be greater.
The production of net oxygen produced by plants is based on the amount of oxygen
produced during photosynthesis minus the amount of oxygen collected during the process of
respiration (Salisbury & Ross, 1978). If the uptake of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis exceeds
the release of carbon dioxide during respiration, then plants will accumulate carbon (carbon
stocks). Thus, the net oxygen produced can be calculated based on carbon accumulation (carbon
Calculation of Environmental Services For The Forest Adoption Plot of PT Bio Farma (Persero) In
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reserves) (Nowak et al., 2007). Total O
2
production amounted to 358,033 tons / hectare / year.
The value of O
2
production in TBMK is higher when compared to O
2
production in Abdul Latief
Forest Park of 241.05 toh / ha / year (Sribianti et al., 2022). This can be due to the larger amount
of TBMK carbon stocks.
The economic value of environmental services CO
2
absorption produced by the Forest
Adoption plot of PT Bio Farma (Persero) in Buru Masigit Kareumbi Park amounted to
Rp28,318,422,- (twenty-eight million three hundred eighteen thousand four hundred twenty-two
rupiah). This value is obtained from the amount of CO
2
absorption multiplied by the
predetermined carbon price ($4.57). This value shows that forests have considerable
environmental service value economically. Caring for and maintaining forests so that they are not
degraded is very important so that forests can always produce environmental services for human
survival.
CONCLUSION
PT Bio Farma (Persero) forest adoption plot in Taman Buru Masigit Kareumbi has carbon
stocks of 134,095 tons, while CO
2
absorption value is 418,464 tons / hectare / year, and O
2
production value is 358,0,33 tons / hectare / year. The amount of carbon stocks, CO
2
sequestration
and O
2
production fall into the large category. If evaluated, the Forest Adoption plot of PT Bio
Farma (Persero) has a carbon sequestration value of Rp28,318,422 (twenty-eight million three
hundred eighteen thousand four hundred twenty-two rupiah).
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