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THE INFLUENCE OF SELF EFFICACY AND COMPETENCE ON JOB

READINESS THROUGH ON THE JOB TRAINING FOR STUDENTS

MAJORING IN HOUSEKEEPING MEDITERANEAN BALI BANGLI CAMPUS

Ni Putu Krisna Purnama Sari

, Hesty Prima Rini

Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur,

Surabaya, Indonesia

1,2

krisnapurnam[email protected]

, hestyprimarini.mn[email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the effect of self-efficacy and competence on Work Readiness through

On the Job Training on housekeeping students of Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus. This research is a

quantitative descriptive research. The population and sample used were 60 housekeeping students of

Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus using the Total Sampling technique. This study used a Partial Least

Square (PLS) as analysis tool. The results showed that self-efficacy and competence had a positive and

significant effect on the work readiness of housekeeping students of Mediteranean Bali Bangli

Campus. Then, self-efficacy and competence through on the job training also have a positive and

significant effect on work readiness of housekeeping students of Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus.

Keywords: Self Efficacy; Competence; On the Job Training; Work Readiness

INTRODUCTION

Unemployment is a social problem caused by the difficulty of the labor force in obtaining

the desired job. One of the causes of unemployment is the lack of work readiness of human

resources which results in not being accepted or unable to survive in the world of work. In

addition, the lack of work readiness also has an impact on job competition. Such is the case with

job competition in the hospitality industry in Bali Province. The hospitality industry is an

employment field for hospitality workers including the housekeeping department. Currently,

there are many universities in Bali that produce students who graduate from the housekeeping

department, one of which is Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus. So it is mandatory for

housekeeping students of Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus to be able to win the job

competition by outperforming competitors from students who graduated from other universities.

Housekeeping students must have work readiness after completing their study period. In

preparing students' work readiness, the college is responsible for teaching knowledge and skills

that students will later use as provisions to enter the world of work. Job readiness according to

Bandura in (Wiharja MS et al., 2020) is an individual's feeling of confidence in his or her own

abilities that he or she is competent to perform and complete a task or job. In improving the

knowledge and skills of housekeeping students, Mediteranean has a program that can help,

namely On the Job Training. According to Swasto, (2011: 67) in the (Susanti & Mulyoto, 2020)

on the job training is training carried out in the workplace where an individual learns the job

directly or actually in the workplace. The table below shows the average score of students

during lectures in class and on the job training.:

Table 1 Academic Value of On the Job Training

Academic Year

Academic Grade Point

Average

Average Point

2019/2020

82,6

2020/2021

82,14

2021/2022

82,49

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The table shows lower academic grades compared to on the Job Training grades. It can be

seen that the average value of housekeeping students has only increased after participating in the

on the job Training program. Then, the researcher conducted a pre-survey to find out the level of

work readiness of housekeeping students of Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus.

Table 2 Presurvey Results

Statement

disagree

Undecided

Agree

I feel confident in my ability to enter the

workforce.

(18,33%)

(41,67%)

(40%)

The Diploma Education (D1) study

period makes me ready to work after

graduation.

(10%)

(53,33%)

(36,67%)

I have good competence in improving

work readiness.

(15%)

(41,67%)

(43,33%)

The on-the-job training program has

increased my work readiness level.

(10%)

(48,33%)

(41,67%)

I am mentally and physically ready to

work immediately after graduating from

college.

(16,66%)

(51,67%)

(31,67)

Source: Pre-survey Questionnaire

Based on the pre-survey data conducted on housekeeping students of Mediteranean Bali

Bangli Campus, many students are doubtful of their own ability to do the job. According to

(Gunawan et al., 2020) someone who believes in their ability to do a job is a person who has a

self efficacy attitude. The data shows that many students are still not confident in their abilities,

this shows that the level of self-efficacy in housekeeping students at the Mediteranean Bali

Bangli Campus is still not optimal. This self-confidence in one's abilities is called self efficacy

which affects one's behavior which determines whether or not one is ready to enter the world of

work. (Beaumont et al., 2016; Nurussyifa & Listiadi, 2021).

In addition to self-efficacy, in improving the work readiness of housekeeping students of

Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus, a good level of competence is needed. It is important for

housekeeping students to master the various knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed and

appropriate to be accepted to work by high-standard villas and hotels. According to (Rosmaini &

Tanjung, 2019) competence is knowledge, skills, and values that are reflected in habits of thought

and action that make a person competent who can complete a job well. Meanwhile, based on

pre-survey data conducted on housekeeping students of Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus,

many students do not have sufficient competence so it is difficult to have a sense of readiness to

work.

Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus housekeeping students have an On the Job Training

program that must be followed by all students before they can be declared graduated. The

benefits obtained by housekeeping students during the On the Job Training period can be used

as additional provisions in increasing self-confidence related to important variables to improve

student work readiness, namely self efficacy or self-efficacy. The work experience that has been

passed helps increase students' confidence in their abilities and develop emotional conditions

with social interactions between students and other individuals in the work environment. The

competence of housekeeping students can also be improved through this program because

students will deal directly with various activities related to housekeeping that are not obtained

from classroom learning activities. Students can practice the knowledge and skills gained during

teaching and learning activities in the classroom directly in villas and hotels as On the Job

Training locations.

Based on this description, this study aims to determine the effect of self efficacy and

competence on work readiness through On the Job Training for housekeeping students of

Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus.

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RESEARCH METHOD

This research is a quantitative descriptive study that uses independent variables, namely

Self efficacy (X1), Competence (X2), intervening variables, namely On the Job Training (Z) and

the dependent variable Work Readiness (Y). To measure each variable in this study, a Likert

scale was used. The population in this study were students majoring in housekeeping at the

Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus in the 2022/2023 batch of 60 students. The sampling method

used in this study is the total sampling method or saturated sample with a total sample size of 60

people. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data used in

the study is data obtained by researchers through questionnaires distributed via Google Form to

housekeeping students of the Bangli Campus Mediteranean. Secondary data in this study are

data obtained through student academics, journals and articles related to the research topic. As a

data analysis tool, researchers used Partial Least Square (PLS). The hypothesis in this study is

that it is suspected that self efficacy and competence have a positive and significant effect on

work readiness through on the job training for housekeeping students of Mediteranean Bali

Bangli Campus.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This research uses the SmartPLS analysis tool. The analysis results from

SmartPLS produce a conceptual model as shown below:

Figure 1 PLS Conceptual Model

From the PLS output image above, it can be seen that the magnitude of the factor loading

value of each indicator located between the arrow between the variable and the indicator with

the lowest cut off value of 0.5 can be said to have fulfilled its validity, if the factor loading value

is below the cut off then it must be eliminated to get good validity, it can also be seen the

magnitude of the path coefficients above the arrow line between the exogenous variables and

the endogenous variables. In addition, it can also be seen that the amount of R-Square is right

inside the endogenous variable circle.

Table 3 R-Square

R Square

Job Readiness (Y)

0,597319

Competence (X2)

OJT (Z)

0,417979

Self Efficacy (X1)

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Data source: Processed

Table 3 shows that the R2 value of On The Job Training = 0.417979, it can be interpreted

that the model is able to explain the phenomenon of On The Job Training which is influenced

by the Self Efficacy and Competency variables by 41.79%, while the remaining 58.21% is

explained by other variables outside this study. Then the value of R2 Work Readiness =

0.597319, it can be interpreted that the model is able to explain the phenomenon of Work

Readiness which is influenced by the independent variables SelfEfficacy, Competence and On

the Job Training with a variance of 59.73% while the remaining 40.27% is explained by other

variables outside this study.

Hypothesis Testing

Furthermore, for hypothesis testing, the coefficient results and T-statistic values of

the inner model can be seen in table 4 and table 5 below.:

Table 4 Path Coefficients

Path

Coefficients

(O)

Sample Mean

(M)

Standard

Deviation

(STDEV)

T Statistics

(|O/STERR|)

P Values

Self Efficacy

(X1) -> Job

Readiness

(Y)

0,134534

0,133339

0,051389

2,617982

0,010

Competence

(X2) -> Job

Readiness

(Y)

0,469818

0,470924

0,047024

9,990912

0,000

Source: Data processed

Hypothesis 1

Self efficacy has a positive effect on work readiness can be accepted, with path

coefficients of 0.134534, and a T-statistic value of 2.617982> 1.96 (from the table value Zα =

0.05) or P-values of 0.010 < 005, then the results are significant (positive). So self efficacy

contributes to shaping work readiness.

Hypothesis 2

Competence has a positive effect on work readiness can be accepted, with path

coefficients of 0.469818, and a T-statistic value of 9.990912> 1.96 (from the table value Zα =

0.05) or P-values of 0.000 <0.05, then the results are significant (positive). So competence

contributes to shaping work readiness.

As for the hypothesis about the role of mediation (intervening) can be seen in the

following Specific Indirect Effect table:

Table 5 Specific Indirect Effect

Path

Coefficients

(O)

Sample Mean

(M)

Standard Deviation

(STDEV)

T Statistics

(|O/STERR|)

Values

Self Efficacy (X1)

-> OJT (Z) -> ob

Readiness (Y)

0,169324

0,175453

0,087344

2,752331

0,007

Competence (X2)

-> OJT (Z) -> ob

Readiness (Y)

0,199332

0,204324

0,096323

2,861232

0,005

Source: Data Processed

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Hypothesis 3

Self efficacy through on the job training has a positive effect on work readiness can be

accepted, with path coefficients of 0.169324, and a T-statistic value of 2.752331> 1.96 (from

the table value Zα = 0.05) or P-values of 0.007 <0.05, then the results are significant (positive).

It can be interpreted that, On The Job Training is proven to be a mediation (intervening)

between Self Efficacy on Job Readiness.

Hypothesis 4

Competence through on the job training has a positive effect on work readiness can be

accepted, with path coefficients of 0.199332, and a T-statistic value of 2.861232> 1.96 (from

the table value Zα = 0.05) or P-values of 0.005 <0.05, then the results are significant (positive).

It can be interpreted that, On The Job Training is proven to be a mediation (intervening)

between Competence on Job Readiness.

Discussion

Self Efficacy on Job Readiness

Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be seen that the level of

Self Efficacy has a positive and significant effect on the Work Readiness of housekeeping

students of the Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus. This means that Self Efficacy which includes

confidence in completing tasks, motivating oneself, perseverance, persisting in difficulties and

problem solving abilities are able to make a positive contribution to the level of student work

readiness. With good Self Efficacy, students will reach a state of readiness to work after

graduation (Bandura, 2012).

The diploma 1 education system that prioritizes practice over theory makes housekeeping

students able and accustomed to facing various levels of work difficulties (Rosser, 2018). In a

short period of 1 year, housekeeping students have carried out various practical activities and

training in class 32 times according to the number of test subjects. Practical activities carried out

in class are carried out within a period of 1 semester or approximately 6 months. Coupled with

additional practice during the On the Job Training period directly at hotels and villas which was

carried out for 6 months so that Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus housekeeping students are

increasingly accustomed to the various difficulties encountered when doing work so that

students are increasingly confident in their abilities. Being accustomed to facing difficulties in

work is one sign that students have a high level of Self Efficacy. This statement is in line with

(Syandianingrum & Wahjudi, 2021), who in his research stated that students who have a high level

of self-confidence tend to be better at dealing with various difficulties. This shows the

importance of Self Efficacy as a driving factor for work readiness in facing the world of work.

The results of this study are in accordance with research by (Zulaehah et al., 2018) and

(Chotimah & Suryani, 2020) which states that self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on

work readiness.

Competence to Job Readiness

Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be seen that Competence

has a positive and significant effect on the Work Readiness of Mediteranean Bali Campus

Bangli housekeeping students. Competencies consisting of knowledge, understanding, skills,

values, attitudes and interests are able to have a positive impact on student work readiness.

Work in the housekeeping department requires the workforce to master good standards of

behavior and be adjusted to the regulations of each place of work. The housekeeping department

also has basic cleaning principles to be consistent and efficient, cleaning without leaving dirt in

guest rooms and public areas and communicating with polite language in both Indonesian and

English. So that to get good results, it is necessary to graduate housekeeping students with good

values or principles to be implemented in work behavior. In other words, competent

housekeeping students are reflected in the behavior shown at work both to superiors, fellow

colleagues and visitors to hotels or villas. To produce housekeeping students who are valuable

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or  principled,  these  values  must  be  instilled  by  fostering  an  attitude  of  discipline  and 
professionalism at work. 
The practical experience taken by housekeeping students is an opportunity used to learn 
to  form  a  disciplined  attitude  and  professional  attitude  such  as  looking  neat  and  polite  while 
working,  how  to  communicate  correctly  with  coworkers  and  hotel  visitors,  comply  with 
regulations set by the hotel and so on (Kalargyrou et al., 2019). This statement is supported by 
(Pangastuti  &  Khafid,  2019)  which  in  his  research  states  that  this  value  is  formed  gradually 
through  experiences  and  tasks  taken  by  students  during  the  study  period.  The  results  of  this 
study are in accordance with the opinion of Saputra (2022) which states that competence has a 
positive  and  significant  effect  on  students'  work  readiness  in  facing  the  world  of  work.  And 
reinforced by (Nurussyifa & Listiadi, 2021) with the results of his research where competence has 
a direct and indirect effect on work readiness. 
 
Self efficacy on Job Readiness through On the Job Training 
Based on the results  of the research that has  been done, it can be  seen that  On the  Job 
Training is able to mediate between Self Efficacy on Work Readiness. The On the Job Training 
program that has been carried out for 6 months plays an important role in forming habits, basic 
skills,  confidence  and  confidence  of  housekeeping  students  in  their  own  ability  to  do  work. 
During  the  6  months  of  practice,  students  are  taught  various  things  with  certain  difficulties 
ranging  from  preparing  guest  rooms,  keeping  the  work  area  clean  and  cleaning  public  areas 
such  as  the  lobby,  public  pool,  and  other  areas.  Basic  skills  are  something  that  cannot  be 
obtained  by  students  optimally  if  only  equipped  with  theoretical  knowledge.  This  is  in 
accordance  with  the  statement  (Pujianto  &  Arief,  2017)  that  students  who  have  carried  out 
practice have a positive perception in the application of theoretical lessons. Self-efficacy can be 
optimized  if  basic  skills  are  trained  and  honed  continuously  so  that  housekeeping  students 
benefit because the On the Job Training program can be a suitable training ground to achieve 
good work readiness. This is supported by the statement Arifin et al., (2021) that self efficacy 
will develop slowly as long as there is an increase in related abilities and experiences. 
In relation to work readiness, the basic skills obtained through the practical experience of 
On the Job Training which is a direct practical activity in workplaces such as villas and hotels 
can  foster  the  confidence  of  Mediteranean  Bali  Bangli  Campus  housekeeping  students  to  be 
able  to  master various  basic  skills  that  can  later  support  work.  This  statement  is  in  line  with 
Nifah (Nifah, 2017) who in his research said that if students already have sufficient basic skills 
to work, it is expected that students' self-confidence will increase and indirectly increase their 
readiness  to  enter  the  world  of  work.  Hasil  tersebut  sesuai  dengan  penelitian  yang  dilakukan 
(Paharyani & Kusmuriyanto, 2019) yang menunjukkan On the Job Training berperan positif dalam 
memediasi Self Efficacy terhadap kesiapan kerja. 
Competence to Job Readiness through On the Job Training 
Based on the results  of the research that has  been done, it can be  seen that  On the  Job 
Training is able to mediate between the independent variable Competence on Work Readiness. 
The value that becomes the standard principle of behavior possessed by housekeeping students 
contributes  to  the  basic  skills  of  students.  Qualified  basic  skills  cannot  be  mastered  by 
housekeeping  students  instantly  but  are  mastered  gradually  through  practical  experience  in 
accordance with  the  test  subjects taught by  the  teaching  staff  in the mock up room  (practical 
room  equivalent  to  a  star  hotel)  provided  by  the  campus  and  most  importantly  the  practical 
experience  of  On  the  Job  Training  whose  training  includes  communicating  effectively  and 
efficiently  (Rojhi, 2022),  operating  laundry facilities in  general,  how  to  wash linen  and  guest 
clothes,  speaking  English  fluently  to  foreign  guests  and  responding  to  instructions  given  in 
English. This program is carried out directly in villas and hotels where housekeeping students 
are in a real work environment and can interact with guests. In classroom learning, students are 
taught  to  work  in  a  diverse  environment however,  direct  interaction  with  a  variety  of  diverse 
coworkers and guests certainly cannot be obtained in classroom learning (Gamage et al., 2021). 

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The  more  experience  that  is  done,  the  more  skills  are  mastered  so  that  the  housekeeping 
students of Mediteranean Bali Bangli Campus can get used to working and ultimately meet the 
necessary standards and are ready to work in the housekeeping department. This statement is in 
accordance with the opinion of  (Rosara & Nugroho, 2018) which states that the experience gained 
by students when carrying out  practical activities for a certain period of time has an effect on 
fostering high work readiness. The results of this study are in accordance with the opinion of  
(Suni & Herianto, 2020) which states that increasing competence through the On the Job Training 
program has a positive effect on work readiness. 
CONCLUSION  
From  the  discussion,  it  can  be  concluded  that  self  efficacy  and  competence  contribute 
significantly  and  positively  to  the  work  readiness  of  housekeeping  students  of  Mediteranean 
Bali  Bangli  Campus.  Then,  self  efficacy  and  competence  through  on  the  job  training  on  the 
work  readiness  of  Mediteranean  Bali  Bangli  Campus  housekeeping  students  also  received 
significant  and  positive  results.  This  means  that  on  the  job  training  is  able  to  become  a 
mediating variable. 
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