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Management Planning and Its Development To Improve The Performance

of Company Employees

Ahmad Zaelani Adnan

, Endrixs Endrianto

, Ninin Asmiah

, Aisyandani Muqsitha

Institut Teknologi Petroleum Balongan Indramayu, Indonesia

1,2,3,4

ahmadzaelani.adnan@gmail.com

, [email protected]m

, nininasminah@yahoo.com

aisyandan[email protected]

PAPER INFO ABSTRACT

Received: 14

December 2022

Revised: 17t

December 2022

Approved: 20

December 2022

Background: Management planning in improving employee performance in

a company, namely providing training, applying discipline and providing

motivation at work

Aim: This study aims to find out how management planning in improving

employee performance in a company.

Method: This research is qualitative research, so the data analysis applied

is qualitative. Data collection is the activity of deciphering or collecting all

data that has been obtained from the field in the form of observations,

interviews and data in the form of certain documents without exception Data

presentation, efforts to present data to see the overall picture or certain parts

of this research, Data reduction is the process of selecting the focus of

attention on simplifying, abstracting, and transforming emerging data and

written records in the field Conclusion and verification, that is, an attempt

to achieve meaning to the collected data, by looking for patterns,

relationships of equations of things that often arise

Findings: The implementation of management in improving employee

performance in a company is conducting training, applying time in work and

providing motivation in the form of rewards and punishments. Evaluation of

management planning in improving employee performance runs effectively

and efficiently, if this is associated with syarah management then this is in

accordance with the three principles of sharia management, namely fairness,

trust and accountability as well as communicative.

KEYWORDS

Management planning, Performance, Employees

INTRODUCTION

One of the determining factors of a company's success is the performance of its

employees. Every organization or agency in implementing directed programs is always

empowered to achieve company goals. One way is to improve employee performance

(Muzakki and Ariyanto 2019). Management is the planning, organization, direction, control,

activities of members of an organization, and activities that use all the resources of an

organization to achieve predetermined organizational goals (Stoner, Freeman, and Gilbert)

(Wahab 2022). Management development or called management development is a program in

an organization to encourage managers and prospective managers to develop their skills,

knowledge, so that it will increase their responsibilities in an organization. While the definition

of performance (work performance) is the result of work in quality and quantity achieved by

an employee in carrying out his duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to him

(Suryani and SE 2019). Performance is basically what employees do or don't do so they

influence how much they contribute to the agency or organization including the quality service

presented. Performance can also be assessed against expected behaviors that must be

predetermined in advance.

Management planning is a company's way to improve employee performance so that

company goals can be achieved (Nursam 2017). In order for the management to be successful,

Management Planning and Its Development To Improve The Performance of Company Employees

146 Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business, Vol 1(No 04), Dec 2022

the company needs to know the performance goals. Performance goals that define the

individual specifically, in projects, processes, routine and core activities for which the

employee will be responsible. If the performance goals from within the employee then form a

self-strength, and if the environmental situation supports it, the achievement of performance

will be easier (Nursam 2017).

Planning in management is a dynamic process because it takes place continuously in an

organization. Every management always requires review and maybe even changes in the future,

one of the main reasons why this is the case is because of the ever-changing conditions also In

other words, management planning is intended for the organization to be a unit capable of

displaying high performance because a successful organization is an organization whose level

of effectiveness and productivity is getting higher and higher. Only then can its goals and and

various goals be achieved with satisfactory results.

Various influences of changes that occur due to reforms require companies, both private

and government companies, to hold innovative innovations to face the demands of change and

strive to formulate policies that are in line with environmental changes A company must be

able to formulate the right policies to overcome any changes that will occur. One of the policies

that are of concern to management concerns the empowerment of human resources (Yustiana

and Almashari 2014).

Human resources are one of the key factors in economic reform, namely how to create

quality human resources and have skills and are highly competitive in global competition that

we have neglected. Human resources are a very important factor in life activities (Adwiyah

2015). Whether or not an organization or ordinary company is successful depends on human

resources High-quality human resources will have a high effect on the success of a company,

but the low quality of human resources will have a low effect on the success rate of a company

(Adwiyah 2015). In this case, humans as the driving force of a company in building a successful

company. They create strategies, goals, create innovations, and achieve company goals.

Employees are essentially one of the elements that become resources in the company

This human resource is what carries out daily activities Employees are living organisms that

allow the functioning of an organization or company and become an important element in

management (Aprilia Risanti 2012). Each individual has a unique personality and differs from

one another. Employees who have high morale will improve the life of the organization or

company Loyalty and morale can be seen from them feeling happy with their work.

Bibliography Review

Management

The definition of Management is the science and art of managing the process of utilizing

human resources and other resources effectively and efficiently to achieve a certain goal.

Management is a science as well as an art to make others willing and willing to work to achieve

goals that have been formulated together, therefore management requires basic concepts of

knowledge, the ability to analyze existing situations, conditions, human resources and think of

appropriate ways to carry out interrelated activities to achieve goals. In essence, human activity

in general is managing to manage here an art is needed, how others need work to achieve

common goals (Susan 2019).

Management Level

Top Management/Coorporate : Usually referred to as a Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

which consists of several leaders. The CEO has the task and obligation to make various

strategic policies for the long term and the nature of his work is more of a managerial task

(Herlinda 2017).

Middle Management/Business : Usually referred to as Divisional Manager. This division

manager has duties and responsibilities in making tactical planning and execution (Herlinda

2017).

Management Planning and Its Development To Improve The Performance of Company Employees

147 Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business, Vol 1(No 04), Dec 2022

First Line Management/Fungsional : Commonly known as functional manager. The

lower management has supervisors and foremen who are in charge of directing operational

work to the executor based on the planning made by the top-level managers (Herlinda 2017).

Management Activities And Elements

Scientific Management : Scientific management is a classic approach to management that

emphasizes the application of scientific principles, including increased efficiency, performance

and productivity through rational analysis of the components of production. Taylor describes

scientific management as "the use of the scientific method to determine the best way to get a

job done"(Waring 2016).

Human Relations Management and Approach : This approach emphasizes individual and

group attitudes and behavioral processes, and recognizes the importance of behavioral

processes within the organization or in the workplace. This approach to human relations was

first developed by Munsterberg 1863-1916, who is recognized as the father of industrial

psychology. The first book he wrote was Psychology and Industrial Efficiency.

Quantitative Management : Quantitative Management / Operations Research /

Quantitative Methods is the application of scientific methods to problems that arise in the

direction and management of a large system in humans, machines, raw materials, or capital in

an industry, business, government, or defense.

Management with a System Approach : As a management approach, 'systems' includes

both general and specialized systems and both closed and open analysis. The general systems

approach to management can be attributed to the concepts of formal and technical,

philosophical and socio-psychological organization. Meanwhile, the analysis of specific

management systems covers areas such as organizational structure, job design, accounting,

information systems, and planning and supervision mechanisms.

Management with a Contingency Approach : The contingency approach is a way of

applying concepts from various management streams in real-life situations. This contingency

approach is the answer to the problems faced in corporate practice, where there are often

methods that are very effective in one situation but will not work well in other situations. The

contingency approach is developed by various business actors in various fields of expertise,

such as: managers, consultants and researchers(Waring 2016).

Management Development

The development of management science can be classified into 4 stages, namely :(Kamal 2020)

Survival Stage (1886-1930). The year 1886 was the birth year of management science

which was marked by the birth of the scientific management movement pioneered by Frederick

Winslow Taylor.

Consolidation and Refinement (1930-1945). At this stage it is the effort of the pioneers

of management to perfect the principles, formulas, systematics, methods, and others of

management, so that their correctness can be accounted for.

Human Relations Stage (1945-1959). After management science is recognized for its

correctness and accepted as a branch of science, the next attention of experts is on the human

factor and its relationship and all its problems for the implementation of activities that must be

carried out in a humanitarian atmosphere.

Stage of Behaviouralism (1959-present). This stage is a time to study the role of the

human factor in the context of achieving goals.

Performance

The definition of performance or performance is a description of the level of achievement

of the implementation of a program of activities or policies in realizing the goals, objectives,

vision and mission of the organization as outlined through the strategic planning of an

organization (Lengkong, Lengkong, and Taroreh 2019). Performance can be known and

measured if an individual or group of employees already has criteria or benchmark success

Management Planning and Its Development To Improve The Performance of Company Employees

148 Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business, Vol 1(No 04), Dec 2022

standards applied by the organization(Gede and Piartini 2018). Therefore, if without the goals

and targets set in the measurement, then the performance on a person or the performance of the

organization is impossible to know if there is no benchmark for success. According to Robbins

in (Massie, Areros, and Rumawas 2018), performance is an optimal achievement in accordance

with the potential of an employee is something that is always a concern for organizational

leaders. This performance describes the extent of a person's activity in carrying out tasks and

striving in achieving the goals set.

METHOD

The methods used in this study are as follows : litherature studies. This method is actually

commonly done, namely by reading sourcebooks or other written sources of information, either

literature available in lectures or available in companies

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Management planning

Planning involves defining organizational goals, determining strategies to achieve those

goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate their work activities Planning relates

to the end result (what) and goals (how).

Planning is basically a process to determine at the beginning of the various final results

that the company wants to achieve in the future Between planning activities and the final results

that are achieved, it is assumed that there is a time lag, where the longer the plan is made, the

time lag between planning and the final result to be achieved the greater and the degree of

uncertainty of the achievement also increases. Conversely, the shorter the time lag between the

planning made and the target results^ to be achieved, the degree of uncertainty of achieving the

results will decrease,

Planning is often called the primary management function because it determines the basis

for everything else managers do when managing, leading, and controlling Planning involves

two important aspects. Objectives and Planning

A goal (goal) is a desired or targeted result. It guides management decisions and forms

criteria for measured work results That's why goals are often called the basis of planning. You

must know the desired target or outcome before you can determine a plan to achieve it. A plan

is a document that defines the framework for how that goal will be met, A plan typically

includes the allocation of resources, schedules, and other actions necessary to achieve that goal.

When managers do planning, they develop both goals and plans.

Management planning is the process that an organization undertakes to determine

management or direction, as well as take decisions to allocate its resources to achieve this

strategy. Management planning is a management tool used to manage current conditions to

project future conditions, so a strategic plan is a guide that organizations can use from current

conditions to their work towards the next 5 to 10 years.

To achieve a management that has been determined by the organization in order to have

a competitive advantage, the company's leaders, operations managers, must work in a system

that exists in the management planning process.

Improves performance

As has been estimated by (Atkinson 1992) that on average, 10% to 25%, of all employees

are poor performers. What, then, needs to be done? Performance improvement as part of a

continuous performance management process needs to be applied at the organizational and

individual levels.

Improving organizational actions Poor performance may be the result of insufficient

leadership, poor management or an effective work system. All of them are perhaps the result

of the failure of whoever is at the top of the organization to cultivate well-set and undecided

Management Planning and Its Development To Improve The Performance of Company Employees

149 Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business, Vol 1(No 04), Dec 2022

expectations. As Robert Schaffer (1991) puts it: "Demand-making capacity may be a

managerial skill that is overall underdeveloped."

Performance management is more than just about providing support and understanding.

If this is done excessively in accordance with the 1960s model of human relations of managers

as loving father figures, understanding and support, expectations and performance need not be

low. Managers, as Schaffer states, sometimes use various psychological mechanisms to avoid

unpleasant truths so that performance gaps appear. These mechanisms include:

Circumvention by means of rationalization. Managers may run away from the demands

of better performance by convincing themselves that they have done all they can to bring out

hope. They ignore the possibility of achieving greater results from the available resources.

When they are expected to truly trust employees when they state that they are already heavily

burdened, they may engage in their own extra work. Or they may move to extreme positions

and suppress workers with arbitrary demands, without being accompanied by the specifics of

the requirements and deadlines for results.

Trust in the procedure. Management may believe in various procedures, programs and

systems to get better results. Top managers stated, "Such is wages-based performance, or

performance management or whatever it is" and sat down while waiting for a panacea to

commit cheating, which of course they would not do unless they were part of a continuous

effort guided from above, and based on a vision of the need for what needs to be done to

improve performance

Serangen that surpasses the target. Managers may set firm goals and they insist that they

can be achieved, while still failing to generate accountability for their subordinates.

Steps to improve performance

Every company must often do many ways to improve the performance of its employees,

which aims to increase the company's work productivity, because a company can develop and

advance, of course, not only due to capital factors and a strong business strategy, but also

great Human Resources (HR). In this case, HR means employees or workers. Here are some

steps to improve employee performance : a) Transparent Performance Appraisal System; b).

Fulfill Employee Rights; c). Reward Dan Punishment c. Reward And Punishment; d). Career

Path; e). Training and Training; f). Establishing Familiarity.

CONCLUSION

Based on the analysis of the discussion and the results of the study, the research can conclude

as follows:

Strategic planning in improving the performance of employees of PT Makassar Raya

Motor Parepare Branch, namely that every employee must always be included in various

trainings, both held by the company (in-house training) and outside (principal). In addition, the

company also applies discipline in work. Finally, leaders motivate employees to improve their

performance at work.

Implementation of management in improving employee performance in a company,

namely each employee is included in various trainings held by the company in house training)

and outside (principal). In applying discipline, the company requires every employee to enter

the work on time The motivation given by the leadership to employees in order to improve

their performance at work is to let employees work based on targets that boil down to rewards

and punishments. The reward given by the leadership is in the form of money while the

punishment given is in the form of a one-month suspension.

Evaluation of strategies in improving employee performance, namely overall employees

perform well because after attending training, the application of discipline and the provision of

rewards and punishments can improve employee performance in working in the Company. In

addition, this is in accordance with sharia management because it refers to the rules on

discipline in entering working hours must be on time, provide an example to all employees,

Management Planning and Its Development To Improve The Performance of Company Employees 
150    Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business, Vol 1(No 04), Dec 2022 
create a conducive work atmosphere full of kinship between employees and improve employee 
welfare or salary and provide motivation to employees. 
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