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269
ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL IN THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF NZE 2060 TO SUPPORT DEFENCE IN INDONESIA
Rheviany HS Putri
1
, Panji Suwarno
2
, Lukman Yudho Prakoso
3
, Inez Koerniawati
4
, Tri
Yulianto
5
, Nur Khotimah
6
Indonesian Defense University, Indonesia
1,2,3,4,5,6
1
2
3
,
4
5
6
PAPER INFO ABSTRACT
Received: 02-02-2023
Revised: 10-02-2023
Approved: 26-02-2023
This paper discusses changes in environmental quality caused by the increase
in the earth’s temperature which is increasing every year. The impact of rising
earth temperature includes environmental damage, economic losses, and
social losses. Therefore, several countries have discussed renewable energy
as a solution to withstand the increase in earth’s temperature, one of which is
through the concept of NZE (Net Zero Energy) which aims to reduce
dependence on fossil energy sources. The implementation of NZE in
Indonesia in 2060 is expected to support the national Net Zero Emission
(NZE) 2060 program, which is a continuation of the follow-up to the Paris
Agreement. In addition, the author also relates government support in order
to maximize the potential of Renewable Energy in the Application of NZE
can also support the defense of the Indonesian state. The research method used
is a qualitative method in the form of an objective narrative literature review.
Keywords: Net Zero Emission; Energy Sources; Earth Temperature
INTRODUCTION
Changes in environmental quality are currently a very worrying problem for the
sustainability of the world's ecosystems and other living things in the world, this condition is
caused by the increase in the earth’s temperature which always increases every year (Masson-
Delmotte et al., 2021). According to the Word Economic Forum, 2020 is the second year with the
highest temperature increase since the pre-industrial period in the 1880-1990 period. Meanwhile,
the impact of rising temperatures will result in several conditions, such as environmental damage,
economic losses, and social losses. Temperatures that continue to increase have resulted in 2011-
2020 as the hottest decade ever recorded in history. Based on the results of research conducted by
Riza Pratama (2019), shows that there are 10 cities with a large enough decline in land and
threatened to sink occupied by the city of Tianjin, China as the first rank then there are several
other big cities such as Shanghai in China, Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi in Vietnam, Kobe in Japan to
Houston in the United States. As for conditions in Indonesia, two cities are included in the
category of 10 cities in the world that are threatened with rapid sinking, namely Semarang Jakarta
(Pratama, 2019).
In recent years several countries have been busy discussing renewable energy, the
discussion originated from a meeting at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP) in Paris in 2015
by several member countries of the United Nations (UN) which gave birth to the Paris Agreement.
The essence of the discussion is an agreement together to support the containment of the increase
in the earth’s temperature. Several efforts have now been made to realize containment of the
increase in earte’rth'sperature, one of which is to encourage the use of renewable energy
(Mangunjaya, 2015).
NZE (Net Zero Energy) is a concept that refers to a building or area that produces enough
energy to fulfill its own energy needs and can even produce more energy that can be fed into the
public grid. The implementation of NZE in Indonesia by 2060 aims to reduce dependence on
dwindling fossil energy sources and contribute to improved energy efficiency and quality. To
support the implementation of NZE, an analysis of renewable energy potential needs to be
conducted to determine which types of renewable energy sources have the most potential in an
Analysis of Renewable Energy Potential In The Implementation of NZE 2060 To Support Defence In Indonesia
Return: Study of Management, Economic and Bussines, Vol. 2(3), March 2023
270
area. According to Nurdiansyah (2020), the energy transition is a long process that must be carried
out by countries in the world to reduce carbon emissions that can cause climate change
(Nurdiansah et al., 2020). The agreement in the energy transition aims to go to the same point,
namely the increasing use of clean energy. In a seminar held by ITB on September 2, 2022, the
Head of the Postgraduate Study Program in Nuclear Science and Engineering, Sidik Permana said
that the Government of Indonesia has currently designed a national program, namely the Net Zero
Emission (NZE) 2060 program. This program is a continuation of the follow-up to the Paris
Agreement, with 164 countries participating and followed by the signing and ratification process
by participating countries, while Indonesia itself is one of the countries that attended and signed
and committed to supporting the greenhouse gas (GHG) effect program by adopting new and
renewable energy (EBT). In the NZE program, the contribution of NRE will be dominant and at
the same time fossil energy will gradually decrease before 2060 and the contribution of nuclear
energy becomes one part of NRE.
National Defense is a defense in the form of military and Non-military or commonly said
to be Non-Military. In this article, the author relates government support in order to maximize the
potential of Renewable Energy in the Application of NZE can also support the defense of the
Indonesian state.
RESEARCH METHOD
Researchers in this study used a qualitative method in the form of an objective literature
review narrative as a reference in conducting a literature review or through a literature study. The
stages in this research began with collecting information, data, and literature, analyzing
information, and writing reviews. The information, data, and literature sought by researchers are
by the theme to be studied, namely related to the NZE Program and its relation to National
Defence in Indonesia. In searching for and obtaining data sources and supporting information,
researchers utilized information from books, journals, and electronic media. After obtaining
sources and information that complement each other, researchers test the truth of the information
and sources that have been obtained or called the historical criticism method. After criticizing the
method, then the interpretation is carried out (Cozby et al., 2012).
The discussion that will be outlined related to the NZE Programme in this research is about
how the readiness and implementation in Indonesia and how the NZE program relates to
strengthening the defense of the Indonesian State. Furthermore, the researcher will elaborate on
the support of the Government of Indonesia in the planning and implementation of the NZE
Programme, in addition, the researcher will explain the challenges that will be faced in facilitating
and supporting the NZE Programme, so that the program is not only beneficial for the earth but
also one aspect in strengthening national defense.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Renewable Energy in NZE Implementation
The NZE program is a program of activities that requires industrialized and developed
countries to support and cooperate to achieve net zero emissions by 2060. The NZE program aims
to encourage new regulations in various countries in the provision of electrical energy. According
to Rahma (2018), conventional power plants that have been using coal such as Steam Power
Plants (PLTU) are the main focus for new policy arrangements that are adjusted to the NZE
program, this is made the main focus because PLTU produces CO2 emissions and its operation
still prioritizes the electricity system in several countries, where Indonesia is one of the countries
in it (Rahman, 2018).
The current policy direction of Indonesia's electricity system refers to the Paris Climate
Agreement, where the role of the Government of Indonesia is to encourage and innovate in the
availability of national electrical energy. The innovations that will be developed should also
consider aspects that also support the NZE program, where the innovations will also support the
reduction of environmental pollution. The government to date has attempted to take various steps
Analysis of Renewable Energy Potential In The Implementation of NZE 2060 To Support Defence In Indonesia
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and policies to align the national energy supply in supporting the NZE program (Widyaningsih,
2018).
The government has made efforts and issued regulations that support the use of renewable
energy as stipulated in Presidential Regulation No. 112 of 2022 concerning the Acceleration of
Renewable Energy Development for Electricity Supply, but there are not many derivative
regulations issued by the Regional Head to support Central Government policies.
In a book issued by the Fiscal Policy Agency, the Ministry of Finance (2018) states that
new and renewable energy plays a very important role in increasing energy security and
decarbonizing the global economy. The government has established a National Energy Policy
(KEN) regulated in Government Regulation (PP) Number 79 of 2014 which is one form of
implementation of renewable energy support. The government targets that by 2025 the use of new
and renewable energy will reach 23% and 31% by 2050 (Kementrian Keuangan, 2018).
Renewable Energy Potential to Support Defence in Indonesia
According to news sourced from Detik.com on 27 February 2023, the Indonesian
government plans to transition to new and renewable energy. The policy will also be supported
by Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Arifin Tasrif in a coordination meeting
with Commission VII of the House of Representatives. According to him, the government will
strive to optimize the use of new and renewable energy such as solar, wind, and water energy to
reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
On the other hand, the government will also increase the defense budget in 2023. Based on
news published by Kompas.com on 27 February 2023, the defense budget in 2023 reached IDR
143.4 trillion, an 11.8% increase from the previous year. This budget will be used to improve
Indonesia's defense capabilities, including improving military readiness and procuring defense
equipment.
In the context of energy policy, Arief (Arief et al., 2020) stated that the government's plan
to accelerate the transition to new and renewable energy is in line with the theory of energy policy
that prioritizes sustainability and energy efficiency. This policy is also in line with Indonesia's
commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fulfill the emission reduction target under
the Paris Agreement. However, to achieve these goals, strong support from various parties is
needed, including the industrial sector and the community. In addition, policies and regulations
that support the development of new and renewable energy are also needed, including fiscal
incentives and the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies.
Net Zero Emission (NZE) and Indonesian defense are two interrelated topics, as seen:
(Dewantoro, 2022)
1. In order to maintain national security and resilience, Indonesia's defense must also consider
the environment as an important factor in its defense strategy. NZE can help reduce negative
impacts on the environment and climate which in turn can help improve national resilience
and environmental defense.
2. As a country rich in natural resources, Indonesia can use NZE as a way to utilize renewable
natural resources such as solar and wind energy. This can help reduce dependence on fossil
fuels that are prone to price fluctuations and can also improve national energy security.
3. Climate change impacts on national security: Climate change can impact national security and
security, as natural disasters can damage critical infrastructure and disrupt social and political
stability. NZE can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and slow climate change, which in
turn can help reduce the risks associated with climate change impacts on national security
(House, 2021).
In order to strengthen national defense, NZE can be part of a broader strategy to strengthen
Indonesia's national resilience. Through the use of renewable natural resources and participation
in global climate diplomacy, Indonesia can strengthen its international profile and strengthen
relations with other countries that are also committed to the NZE goals (Susmoro, 2019).
